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The toxicity of malachite green is related to water temperature. At lower temperatures the fish can tolerate slightly higher concentrations of malachite green than at higher temperatures. Increased exposure time gives markedly increased toxicity to fish at low malachite green concentrations (Alderman and Polglase, 1984). Therfore, in tropical countries, the most suitable time for applying malachite green to a pond should be carefully considered. Early morning treatment, when water temperature is not too high, is recommended. Especially during the peak summer months the exposure time for malachite green treatment should be decreased.
Species and size of fish is the other factors affecting malachite green toxicity. It seems to be more toxic to scaless fish than fish with scales when used at the same concentration
- An adequate amount of malachite green stock solution should be prepared fresh before used. Old stock solutions of malachite green are not recommended as they will rapidly lose their ionizing activity after being dissolved in water.
- Dosage calculations should be double checked before applying treatment as the margin for error with regard to the toxicity of malachite green is very narrow.
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Malachite green and formalin are toxic poisons
Malachite green acts as a respiratory poison, damaging the cell’s ability produce energy to drive vital metabolic processes. Formalin is a powerful disinfectant used to kill microorganisms or as a preservative for biological specimens. It works by reacting with cell proteins and nucleic acids - altering both structure and function. These chemicals can be used separately but are usually used together because they exert a synergistic effect; that is, together they give a greater effect than the sum of their separate individual capabilities
It is likely that malachite green will be banned in the near future
Malachite green is reported to be toxic to tetras, catfish and loaches and small marine fish ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------Effect of Long-term Therapeutic Bath in Malachite Green on Common Carp (
Cyprinus carpio L.)
Svobodová Z., L. Groch, M. Flajšhans, B. Vykusová, J. Máchová: The Effect of Long-term Therapeutic Bath of Malachite Green on Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Acta vet. Brno 1997, 66:111-117.
The aim of this paper was to determine acute toxicity of malachite green of the Vert Malachite J3E SA Crystaux type for common carp and to evaluate the effect of a 6-day therapeutic bath in 0.5 mg.l
-1 concentration of this pharmaceutical on values of selected haematological indicators including micronuclei test, as well as on histological composition of tissues of one- to two-year-old carp. The 48hLC50 value of the malachite green tested was 0.84 mg.l
-1. After the 6-day bath,
changes in red blood picture (decrease in haematocrit value - PCV (P<0.001), decrease in mean corpuscular volume - MCV (P<0.05) and increase in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration - MCHC (P<0.01) as well as in white blood picture /decrease in both relative and absolute monocyte count (P<0.05 and P<0.01), respectively/ were recorded in treated fish (n=30) compared to the control group (n=29). Other indices of red and white blood picture in these fish did not differ from the control group. A d
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